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One theoretical perspective of self-confidence that fits well in Kanfer's (1990b) framework of motivation and has particular relevance to enhancing self-confidence in a variety of domains of psychosocial functioning is self-efficacy theory (Bandura, 1977, 1986). This framework allows a discussion of self-confidence as it relates to a number of motivational processes, including setting goals and causal attributions. Satisfaction or dissatisfaction is an affective response to past actions self-confidence expectations are judgments about one's future capabilities to attain one's goal. The comparison between performance and goal results in two distinct types of self-reactions: self-satisfaction or -dissatisfaction and self-confidence expectations. Self-monitoring provides information about current performance, which is then evaluated by comparing that performance with one's goal. Self-regulation, in turn, consists of three related sets of activities: self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and self-reactions. She suggests that motivation is composed of two components: goal choice and self-regulation. Kanfer (1990a) provides an example of one cognitively based framework of motivation for such a discussion. It is a judgment about capabilities for accomplishment of some goal, and, therefore, must be considered within a broader conceptualization of motivation that provides the goal context. Self-confidence is not a motivational perspective by itself. Ericsson and his colleagues have taken the position that the major influence in the acquisition of expert performance is the confidence and motivation to persist in deliberate practice for a minimum of 10 years. A growing body of evidence suggests that one's perception of ability or self-confidence is the central mediating construct of achievement strivings (e.g., Bandura, 1977 Ericsson et al., 1993 Harter, 1978 Kuhl, 1992 Nicholls, 1984).
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Self-confidence is considered one of the most influential motivators and regulators of behavior in people's everyday lives (Bandura, 1986).